Redeem History

1619 African Slavery History Maps Routes  My understanding is that AAHGS research shows that the 20 to 30 Angolans who were taken to Virginia were Catholics, were from the merchant or upper class, and may have had their sons go to Portugal to further their education. Portugal had been involved in Angola, or the Kingdom of the Kongo as it was known, for about 140 years. By 1619 there was a mix of cultures and likely some DNA as well. It would be interesting to know if the Angolans who came to Virginia had a somewhat lighter skin color than other tribes in Angola or other differences in appearance. These people in Virginia likely became part of the Melungeon people who were a mix of sub-Saharan Africa DNA and Mediterranean European DNA, likely from Portugal. The Melungeon also include a mix of Native American DNA. In about 1640, an African American indentured servant named John Punch escaped servitude along with two European indentured servants. When they were caught, John received...

  Related articles: August 1619 Jamestown History Jamestown treatment as servants How did slavery develop in Colonial Virginia? Society of the First African Families of English America

Critical_race_theory in Wikipedia nytimes 2019/08/14 1619-america-slavery (for paid subscribers) 1619 to Today -Democracy in Color - 1619 Project architects-of-woke-the-1619-project 2019/aug/14/slavery-in-america-1619-first-ships-jamestown

 

https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/aug/14/slavery-in-america-1619-first-ships-jamestown Excerpt about Antonio: There’s more to Virginia history, of course, than bondage. There’s freedom, not only after the American civil war, but also in the 17th century, when an Angolan man called Antonio, arriving in Virginia in 1621, became Anthony Johnson, a wealthy free farmer and slave-owning planter in Northampton and Accomack counties. His immediate descendants prospered. His eighteenth-century descendants, living within a hardened racial regime, did not. It is in the eighteenth century that we find the more familiar, hardened boundaries of racialized American identity. 20 August 1619 - Point Comfort, Virginia

 My added l yrics for the enslaved and for children as future pioneers: Lyrics in Utah Pioneer Hymn of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints:

Anthony Johnson seems to be a separate person due to history saying arrived in 1621, married a Mary and died about 1670 vs Antonio and Isabella who arrived in 1619.  If the same person, could Mary be Maria Isabella? See PBS article  Anthony Johnson See Wikipedia article on John Casor, servant of Anthony Edmund Johnson, then enslaved. See how to associate with other relationship in FamilySearch.

August 1619 Jamestown History Jamestown treatment as servants How did slavery develop in Colonial Virginia?

You can help index records of the enslaved. Honor their struggles, strength, and perseverance. Digital Library of American Slavery - People Not Property Ads for Runaway Slaves typically offered a substantial reward, but what about the ads that only offer 5 cents and no thanks? Perhaps the enslaved person was not worth keeping, but I think these cases typically are ones where the owner wants to emancipate the enslaved person and has to post an ad to comply with laws. Other laws also made emancipation difficult - posting a bond, other arrangements to get manumission papers, wills and loan agreements that prohibited emancipation or complicated the process, financial loss and potential bankruptcy. These factors show how difficult institutional racism is to change even when people want to do right. Runaway Slave Ads

Time on the Cross - Economics of American Negro Slavery Better diet for enslaved than free workers who were also exploited? 1930's interviews with former enslaved - fond memories of food in their youth versus hard times of the Depression and Jim Crow.  Hear their Voices Compare to Exodus in the Bible. Desire for their people to go on to the Promised Land of Civil rights. 1619 Virginians give provisions to British Privateers - bought enslaved or exchange for indentured servants and help to privateers?

  Slavery in Utah 1850 Slave Schedule with names and plan to move to CA Biddy Mason and others in CA in 1856 Other notes on 1850 Census: Sept 2021 - here is a clearer copy. See 24 of 26 named. The two not named are likely Green and Martha Flake. Implies Brigham planned for more to go to CA? Intention to emancipate? Toby is listed next to Vilate. He is 53 and she is 52. Are they husband and wife? In FamilySearch the closest I found for Toby is this record with a 1777 birth on Islam plantation in GA. It has no sources. Do you know if he is in FamilySearch tree? Response by scholar: I don't believe they were married. I would need to go back to my research notes to find Toby. I am familiar with his name, but it's been awhile!

  Church funds African-American research center, re-opens Washington D.C. Temple https://www.familysearch.org/en/blog/introducing-the-10-million-names-project